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Submitted Jun 30 at 10:50pm
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Question 1
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pts
Tess is working for a railway company and needs to create a diagram to depict the different workingaspects of their reservation system such as passenger, ticket booking method, payment method, andticket type. What notation would be the best way to visually showcase these components?
96405
Class Diagram Notation
Correct. Class diagrams are used to depict relationships between classes in object-orientedmodeling, and are particularly useful within the context of Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) as they provide a visualization of relationships between members.
60038
Chen Notation
38464
Crow's Foot Notation
16171
Barker's Notation
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Question 2
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An implementation-ready data model needn't necessarily contain enforceable rules to guarantee theintegrity of the data.
82195
True
35169
False
Correct. In order to be considered ready for implementation, a model requires rules for definingrelationships, so that the integrity and accuracy of the data is maintained.
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Question 3
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Omar is constructing a data model. In his model he includes a description of the data structure that willstore end-user data and has an enforceable set of rules to ensure data integrity. What component does heneed to include to make his data model implementation ready?
95066
data manipulation methodology
Correct. A standardized method of accessing, inserting, or deleting data in order to fulfill real-world requirements of the end-user is necessary to be implementation-ready.
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relationship methodology
31256
constraint methodology
41488
hierarchical methodology
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Question 4
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Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures and their attributes, relations,constraints, and transformations with the purpose of supporting a specific problem domain. Define"problem domain" in the context of data models.
40724
a blueprint containing all necessary instructions for building a database that will meet all end-userrequirements
59950
a clearly defined area within a real-world environment that will be systematically addressed
Correct. A problem domain is a real-world set of circumstances, objects or events that serve asdata points and represent the boundaries and scope of the problem(s) to be addressed.
97927
a relatively simple and usually graphical representation of complex real-world objects or events
36468
the process of creating a specific data model for a particular set of real-world data to be addressed
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Question 5
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Even when a good database blueprint is available, an application's programmer's view of the datashould match that of the manager and the end user.
50752
True
Incorrect. Without a good database blueprint, many types of problems, such as conflictingnumbering or naming schemes, may present themselves.
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False
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Question 6
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Sally's Dog Grooming Salon is creating a database of every dog she grooms. She wants to collectspecific information about the breed, height, weight, and age of each dog. What building block does"dog" represent in her data model?
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attribute
32613
relationship
92530
entity
Correct. An entity is a basic building block of a data model that represents a real-world person,place or thing from which data will be collected and stored in the database.
71543
class
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Question 7
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In the context of data modeling, what term is used to describe a single instance of an abstractrepresentation of a real-world person, place or thing?
86230
class
42982
object
Correct. An object is a specific in-memory instance of a class. Objects are an abstractrepresentation of real-world entities, and classes serve as a template of objects, describing theattributes and methods all instances of the class have in common.
35265
entity
68633
constraint
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Question 8
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Business rules use simple language to establish definitions of entities, attributes, relationships, andconstraints. For instance, a business rule establishing that entities can have multiple attributes, and thateach available attribute may be associated with only one entity, might be stated as "An employee may beassigned multiple devices" and "Each device may be assigned to only one employee". Classify therelationship between EMPLOYEES and DEVICES in this example using shorthand notation.
96512
1..1
36564
*..*
67237
M:N
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1:M
Correct. 1:M signifies a one-to-many relationship, as described in the example. Thisrelationship can also be described according to database convention as EMPLOYEE isassigned DEVICES.
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Question 9
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Business rules that are properly written will define entities, attributes, relationships, and _____.
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fields
24835
objects
36673
constraints
Correct. Constraints are intentional restrictions to the data, and allow us to ensure the data isaccurate and reliable. Specifically, constraints enforce rules that were defined at the time ofmodel creation as the data is manipulated.
45985
classes
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Question 10
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A disadvantage of the relational database management system (RDBMS) is its inability to hide thecomplexities of the relational model from the user.
31372
True
10661
False
Correct. RDBMS improves useability by maintaining a layer of separation between the userand physical details.
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Question 11
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In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on every other table.
98396
True
6609
False
Correct. With the addition of ad-hoc querying capabilities, relational tables yield structurallyindependent models of individual data structures.
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Question 12
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In an SQL-based relational database, rows in different tables are related based on common values incommon attributes.
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True
Correct. Relational tables are independent of one another, and relationships between rowsfrom different tables are represented by values in common of attributes they have in common.
33407
False
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Question 13
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When working in an ER model, what does each row in the relational table represent?
23186
attribute
97760
entity
Correct. In the entity-relationship model, each row in a relational table represents an instance(or occurrence) of an entity. Also known as a "record" or "tuple."
57221
schema
1920
relationships
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Question 14
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Elizabeth is utilizing object-oriented modeling (OOM) when collecting data about animals. She needsto define entity templates and their associated instances and subclasses. What method should sheincorporate?
77629
True
Incorrect. The class hierarchy is a formal conceptual method of organizing classes andobjects. Inheritance is directly enabled by the definitions described by the class hierarchy.
96648
False
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Question 15
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In Chen Notation, entities and relationships have to be oriented horizontally; not vertically.
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True
586
False
Correct. The vertical and horizontal orientations of entities to one another on the diagram areirrelevant to the associations between entities or objects on the diagram in the context ofrelational and object-oriented data modeling notation.
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Question 16
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Which type of databases would Sonnie most likely use when more complex objects with different typesof data are required, particularly when data management is incorporated into an object-orientedprogramming language or when disk indexing is needed to provide persistent storage?
72121
object-oriented
Correct. Designed to address more specific engineering needs rather than general datamanagement needs, object-oriented databases are useful for application data with complexfeatures, such as geographic information systems (GIS) or computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM).
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object/relational
40697
extended-relational
21885
entity-relationship
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Question 17
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The network model has structural level dependence.
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True
Correct. The network model has structural level dependence. Dependencies on the structurallevel means changes are required in all application programs, yielding compleximplementation and management.
37291
False
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Question 18
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The external model is the representation of the database as "seen" by the DBMS.
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True
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False
Correct. The external model is the representation of the data environment to the end user.
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Question 19
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The hierarchical model is software-independent.
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True
2928
False
Correct. The hierarchical model is not software-independent. This means that in hierarchicaldatabases, a change to the DBMS software necessitates changes to the internal data model.This means that in hierarchical databases, a change to the DBMS software necessitateschanges to the internal data model.
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Question 20
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The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent.
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True
88551
False
Correct. Relational models, such as SQL, are both hardware independent and softwareindependent.
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Question 21
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Zoe needs an open-source, distributed framework to provide an environment for high speed, parallelcomputation and storage using low-cost hardware as nodes in order to process Big Data. Which of thefollowing would Zoe use?
3548
XML
84477
NoSQL
91032
Hadoop
Correct. Though being challenged by systems such as Spark, Hadoop is a frequently useddistributed framework created by Google and maintained by Apache to facilitate the storageand processing of Big Data in a parallel and distributed fashion between clusters of low-costhardware.
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MapReduce
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Question 22
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In the context of relational databases, a column in a relational table is associated with the _____(s) of areal-world person, place, thing, or event.
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entity
93530
attributes
Correct. Attributes are the characteristics of an entity, usually represented as a value. In thecontext of relational databases, the columns in a relational table correspond to attributes of anentity.
94423
relationships
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constraints
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Question 23
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A(n) _____ represents a particular type of object in the real world.
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attribute
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entity
Correct. An entity is a basic building block of a data model that represents a real-world person,place or thing about which data will be collected and stored in the database.
62139
relationship
85777
node
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Question 24
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A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.
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attribute
Correct. Fields are a file system component that are analogous to attributes in modern datamodels.
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entity
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relationship
82506
constraint
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Question 25
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A(n) _____ is bidirectional.
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attribute
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entity
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relationship
Correct. A relationship between entities flows in both directions.
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constraint
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Question 26
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When creating a student roster, a school cannot enroll more than 20 students per course. This is anexample of what data modeling building block?
37775
attribute
22165
entity
62993
relationship
66236
constraint
Correct. Constraints are rules or restrictions placed on data. Constraints help to ensure theintegrity of data.
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Question 27
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_____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.
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Attributes
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Entities
49829
Relationships
91903
Constraints
Correct. Constraints are restrictions set on data that improve data integrity by ensuringcollected data conforms to predefined requirements.
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Question 28
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Determine which of the following simple-language expressions represents a valid constraint.
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EMPLOYEE manages STORE
43437
CUSTOMER generates INVOICE
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STUDENT takes CLASS
26456
Each CONTAINER contains between 0 and 100 UNITs.
Correct. Each CONTAINER contains between 0 and 100 UNITs is a valid constraint.Constraints are normally expressed as rules defined upon creation of the database and areused to maintain integrity of the data.
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Question 29
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Comel, a student, takes four classes with her group of best friends. She sits in the front row with twofriends and the others sit behind them. What type of relationship would Comel's situation be describedas?
54867
one-to-one
88407
one-to-many
79993
hierarchical
16575
many-to-many
Correct. Because a student can take many classes, and each class can accommodate manystudents, this expression describes a many-to-many (M:N) relationship.
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Question 30
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Which of the following is true of business rules?
58601
They allow the designer to set company policies with regard to data.
8508
They allow the designer to develop business processes.
21609
They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.
Correct. Business rules serve as a communication tool between end users and the databasedesigner.
43105
They provide a framework for the company's self-actualization.
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Question 31
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A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.
86834
entity
Correct. An entity is a basic building block of a data model that represents a real-world person,place, or thing (noun) about which data will be collected and stored in the database.
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attribute
41371
relationship
39788
constraint
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Question 32
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A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.
4924
entity
37827
attribute
3407
relationship
Correct. A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a relationship in the datamodel because the verb between the two nouns defines the relationship between them.
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constraint
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Question 33
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When discovering new business rules, interviews with _____ are faster and more direct, but may be lessreliable.
22927
end users
Correct. Because perceptions may differ, interviews with end users are less reliable than othermethods of discovery. This is important because even seemingly minor distinctions betweenperceptions of operational procedures could have major legal or financial consequences.
8217
company managers
61557
policy makers
8496
written documentation
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Question 34
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When identifying and documenting business rules, it is important to recognize that despite being crucialcontributors to the development of business rules, it pays to _____ the end-user's perceptions of businessoperations.
76228
ignore
32723
verify
Correct. Interviews with end users are less dependable than other techniques of discoverybecause perceptions might differ. This is significant because even seemingly insignificantdifferences between perceptions of operating procedures can have significant legal or financialramifications.
47834
describe
54333
prioritize
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Question 35
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What component of a particular business rule can be analyzed in order to infer whether the type ofrelationship between two entities can be represented in notation by 1:1, 1:M, or M:N?
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the nouns present in the business rule
85395
the type of database being used by the DBMS
17962
how many instances are on each side of the relationship
Correct. The type of relationship can be easily inferred by knowing the number of instancespresent in each entity.
2634
end-user perceptions of the business rule
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Question 36
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By examining the _____ in a business rule, a database designer can identify the database as a collectionof records in 1:1, 1:M, or M:N relationships.
33994
verbs
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nouns
Correct. By determining whether the nouns representing entities are plural or singular, it ispossible to categorize the relationship as one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many.
56394
names
59915
attributes
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Question 37
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In the effort to design self-documenting models, what can be done during translation of business rulesinto data model components to improve the ability of a data model to facilitate communication amongthe designer, application programmer, and end user?
63627
categorize relationships as 1:1, 1:M, or M:N
73170
establish constraints to place limitations on data
55839
use of naming conventions that make entities unique
Correct. Use naming conventions that make entities unique to facilitate communication amongthe designer, application programmer, and end user. Proper naming conventions should bedescriptive, familiar to end users, and prefix the name of an attribute with the name of theentity with which it is associated.
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identifying how many entities are on each side of a relationship
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Question 38
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Complete the following statement: Business rules must ______.
52099
be based only on end user perceptions
43665
be rendered in writing
Correct. Business rules must be rendered in writing and made accessible to the designer aswell as end-users.
59632
include constraints
6941
represent many-to-many (M:N) relationships
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Question 39
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When identifying types of relationships represented by business rules, consider that relationshipsbetween entities are _____.
71497
one-way
9562
constraint-less
58264
always many-to-many
90360
bidirectional
Correct. Relationships between entities as described in business rules are alwaysbidirectional; this can be used to determine the type of relationship.
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Question 40
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Jaiden is in the translation of business rules to data model components. How should he label the addressattribute for an entity named CLIENT?
15163
ADDRESS
14000
CLADD
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CLIENT_ADDRESS
Correct. CLIENT_ADDRESS represents best practice for the address attribute of an entitynamed CLIENT. In order to make the data included in an attribute more clearly identifiable, thename of the attribute should be prefixed with the name of the related entity.
73781
BILLING_ADDRESS
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Question 41
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Kaiden is wanting to ensure there is proper facilitation of communication between the designer,application programmer, and the end user. What should the most important part of his process be?
20354
To identify the relationship type between entities
64590
To distinguish between objects in the problem domain.
Correct. Proper naming conventions are important for facilitating communication between thedesigner, application programmer, and the end user in order to make them distinguishablefrom one another. Names of entities and attributes must be descriptive of the objects theyrepresent.
70760
To avoid major legal consequences
26043
To verify perceptions of end-users and reconcile differences
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Question 42
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Jackie is working in a database entering information on employees using the following format:EMPLOYEE.LAST_NAME .This indicates the attribute LAST_NAME from the EMPLOYEE inwhat?.
20930
table
Correct. Objects or attributes prefixed with the table name are useful for facilitating the use ofnaming conventions. Prefixes using a period are distinguishable from other prefixes asreferencing the table name.
90516
entity
2442
column
76420
rows
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Question 43
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Karl is in the process of identifying and documenting business rules during his step in a new databasedesign, spending many hours ensuring its accuracy. Why would he spend a significant amount of timeon one task?
25657
it makes it easy to recognize the data contained in an attribute.
64033
it enables company managers and policy makers to make informed decisions.
45783
it identifies management problems within the company.
13684
it helps to standardize the company's view of data.
Correct. One important reason identifying and documenting business rules is an essential stepin database design is it helps standardize the company's view of data.
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Question 44
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pts
Jun is shopping with his partner and presents a coupon for a "buy one, get one free" deal on soap. Hechecks out and then hands the same coupon to his partner to use. What business rule does thisinvalidate?
19051
M:N
56362
1:1
44138
1:M
60047
*..*
25707
Incorrect. 1:1 indicates a one-to-one relationship, which would mean that each customer may redeemonly one coupon, and that each coupon may be redeemed by only one customer.
22786
Correct. 1:1 indicates a one-to-one relationship, which would mean that each customer may redeem onlyone coupon, and that each coupon may be redeemed by only one customer.
66413
Incorrect. 1:1 indicates a one-to-one relationship, which would mean that each customer may redeemonly one coupon, and that each coupon may be redeemed by only one customer.
47872
Incorrect. 1:1 indicates a one-to-one relationship, which would mean that each customer may redeemonly one coupon, and that each coupon may be redeemed by only one customer.
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Question 45
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Business rules must describe the main and distinguishing features of the data as viewed by _____.
60271
the application programmer
20410
the end-users
99358
the designer
44496
the company
Correct. Business rules must describe the main and distinguishing features of the data asviewed by the company. Business rules must be simple to grasp and broadly distributed inorder for everyone in the company to have the same understanding of the rules.
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Question 46
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A new database designer is struggling with the process of identifying and documenting business rules.They are considering skipping this part of the process and moving forward. If you were their mentor,which statement would show the importance of this step to the new designer?
93608
It improves the ability to understand the nature, role, and scope of data.
Correct. Identifying and documenting business rules help designers to understand the nature,role, and scope of data used by the company, as it is essential to their ability to design a usefuldatabase model.
43363
It helps to standardize the view of the company's data.
33317
It identifies management problems within the company.
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It makes it easy to recognize the data contained in an attribute.
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Question 47
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A company you are consulting with tells you that after their recent social media campaign they needmore space to store all the data being generated. Which characteristic of Big Data databases do theyneed to address?
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Velocity
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Veracity
24810
Volume
Correct. The term volume refers to the amount of data being stored.
84918
Variety
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Question 48
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Ali needs to review the metadata of a file system. Where should they look?
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Data node
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Client node
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Name node
Correct. The name node stores all the metadata about a file system.
46138
Map node
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Question 49
1
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pts
Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases?
8336
They do not support distributed database architectures.
51625
They are not based on the relational model.
Correct. NoSQL databases are not based on the relational model, using a schema-less key-value model instead.
12842
They are geared toward transaction consistency rather than performance.
76639
They do not support very large amounts of sparse data.
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Question 50
1
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pts
Which of the following types of HDFS nodes acts as the interface between the user application and theHDFS?
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Data node
55933
Client node
Correct. The client node serves as the interface between end user applications and the HDFS.
47157
Name node
76681
Map node
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Question 51
1
/ 1
pts
Dale's boss has tasked him with creating a simple representation of the entire employee databaseincluding items such a hire date, office contact number, and resume. What type of model should Daleconstruct?
47115
data
Correct. A data model is a relatively simple, abstract representation of more complex real-world data models.
38089
business rule
9258
relationship
80559
constraint
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Question 52
1
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pts
A company's business response time is reflective of the _____ of their Big Data database storage andprocessing.
29103
volume
30120
velocity
Correct. Velocity refers to the company's need to process data quickly in order to generateinsight.
84405
variety
52904
analysis
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Question 53
1
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pts
In the context of Laney's 3 Vs of Big Data databases, which term refers to the fact that data is collectedin multiple data formats?
18979
volume
11048
velocity
35699
variety
Correct. Variety in the context of Laney's 3 Vs of Big Data databases refers to the fact thatdata is collected in multiple formats.
50512
vendor
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Question 54
0
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pts
Laurel is designing databases and begins with an abstract view of the overall data environment. As thedesign comes closer to implementation, where should Laurel place her focus?
30100
schema
65934
relations
22249
entities
Incorrect. Designers work from the concept level down to the details in order to produce a finalworking design.
36816
details
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Question 55
1
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pts
Your manager has requested a report that gives them a global view of the entire database being used asthe basis for the identification and high-level description of main data objects without model-specificdetails. Which model or schema would you provide them?
51744
conceptual
Correct. The conceptual model represents a global view of the entire database.
70309
physical
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internal
84304
external
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Question 56
1
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pts
Which of the following models operate at the lowest level of abstraction and is both hardware andsoftware dependent?
17852
external
45398
conceptual
54048
physical
Correct. The physical model represents the lowest level of abstraction and is dependent onboth the hardware and software involved.
46905
internal
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Question 57
1
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pts
You are designing a conceptual model and are in the process of matching the DBMS requirements tothe entity-relationship diagram (ERD) to create a data model that is software-independent. Which stageof the design phase are you doing?
37215
internal schema
76831
logical design
Correct. Logical design refers to the task of creating a conceptual model that could beimplemented in any DBMS.
49752
external model
39626
physical independence
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Question 58
1
/ 1
pts
Sarah is working on a design that has physical independence and needs to make a change. Whichchange will not affect the internal model?
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external model
60550
logical design
63983
internal schema
41883
storage methods
Correct. If a design has physical independence, the designer can change storage methodswithout affecting the internal model.
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Question 59
1
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pts
If a design has logical independence, it means the _____ can be changed without affecting theconceptual model.
5787
internal model
Correct. If a design has logical independence, it means the internal model can be changedwithout affecting the conceptual model.
56353
logical design
62875
external schema
61513
operating system
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Question 60
1
/ 1
pts
In the context of data models, which of the following models emphasize a global view of data that isindependent of the database model type?
90970
external model
84765
internal model
30266
physical model
56396
conceptual model
Correct. The conceptual model emphasizes a global view of data that is independent of thedatabase model type.
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Question 61
1
/ 1
pts
In the context of lower-degree abstraction of data, which model is directly dependent on the databasetype but independent of hardware?
95503
internal model
Correct. The internal model is dependent on the database type but is hardware independent.
94220
external model
59490
physical model
67525
conceptual model
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Question 62
1
/ 1
pts
What conceptual model is being used if an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is being used?
52922
the physical model
1388
the conceptual model
Correct. Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) are used to graphically represent the conceptualschema of the model.
48573
the internal model
58764
the external model
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Question 63
1
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pts
Sally is more concerned with data location, formatting, and specific reporting requirements. Whichdescribes Sally's role?
98831
the purchasing manager
80129
the applications programmer
Correct. Sally's role is that of the applications programmer, because the applicationsprogrammer's view of data is more concerned with the location and formatting of data andspecific reporting requirements.
85900
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the end users
44202
the inventory manager
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Question 64
1
/ 1
pts
The term _____ is used to refer to the task of creating a conceptual data model that could beimplemented in any DBMS.
27693
internal schema
76580
logical design
Correct. Logical design refers to the task of creating a conceptual model that could beimplemented in any DBMS.
51658
external model
88985
physical independence
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Question 65
1
/ 1
pts
The _____ is the representation of a database as "seen" by the DBMS.
98411
internal model
Correct. The internal model depicts a specific representation of an internal model based on thechosen DBMS.
74655
external model
37290
physical model
42118
conceptual model
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Question 66
1
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pts
Different views of the data are less likely to cause problems or conflicts when a database offers which ofthe following?
5379
documentation system
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98937
physical server
61798
management system
27285
blueprint
Correct. When a good database blueprint is available, different views of the data are less likelyto cause problems or conflicts. Conflicts may arise where the blueprint lacks specificity.
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Question 67
1
/ 1
pts
You are assigned the task of reviewing the end users' view of the data environment. Which modelshould you review?
15638
internal model
38347
external model
Correct. The external model represents the end-user's view of data.
60153
physical model
82311
conceptual model
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Question 68
1
/ 1
pts
An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructssupported by the chosen database.
11350
standards
41209
file system
85912
schema
Correct. An internal schema refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using thedatabase constructs supported by the chosen database.
17059
diagram
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Question 69
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pts
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From a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properlydefined _____.
70355
physical independence
37718
logical design
24511
conceptual schema
68622
business rules
Correct. Collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined businessrules.
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Question 70
1
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pts
The movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web- and sensor-generated dataand derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability ata reasonable cost is referred to as "_____."
62696
NoSQL
32679
Big Data
Correct. "Big Data" is the term that refers to a movement to innovate in the space of managinglarge amounts of web- and sensor-generated data.
31452
Hadoop
35981
Internet of Things
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Question 71
Not yet graded
/ 1
pts
What components should an implementation-ready data model contain?
Your Answer:
Implementation ready model is a properly designed database model that has clearlogical components and functions. The functions, rules and replies are consistentlyformatted for the model. In addition to that you can data detailing will be providedon all the entities attributes and relationships that have existing in the document.The relationships and interoperability are accurately defined
Answer:
See the 'Rationale' field for sample responses.
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Rationale:
An implementation-ready data model should contain at least the following components: A description ofthe data structure that will store the end-user data. A set of enforceable rules to guarantee the integrity ofthe data. A data manipulation methodology to support the real-world data transformations.
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Question 72
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pts
What do business rules require to be effective?
Your Answer:
The business rules are to be effective to ensure that:
consistency: The rules that are developed of the data base model should not conflictwith each other. They are supposed to be consistent.
To ensure Non-redundancy: The business rules that are consistent with each otherwill avoid duplication and redundancy.
In addition to the above two, the business rules also help in creating properdocumentation that support database users to know and understand data base andits rules
Answer:
See the 'Rationale' field for sample responses.
Rationale:
To be effective, business rules must be easy to understand and widely disseminated to ensure that everyperson in the organization shares a common interpretation of the rules. Business rules describe, insimple language, the main and distinguishing characteristics of the data as viewed by the company.
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Question 73
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pts
What are the sources of business rules, and what is the database designer's role with regard to businessrules?
Your Answer:
The main sources of the developing business rules are:
The managers of the company or business owners
Operating Principles Documents
Written documents on the business practices and procedures
department managers and their knowledge
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The main role of database designer is to collect information about the businessoperations and users, and develop consistent business rules to develop database.
The database designer also influences the data collected, and estiblishingrelationships.
Answer:
See the 'Rationale' field for sample responses.
Rationale:
The main sources of business rules are company managers, policy makers, department managers, andwritten documentation such as a company's procedures, standards, and operations manuals. A faster andmore direct source of business rules is direct interviews with end users. Unfortunately, becauseperceptions differ, end users are sometimes a less reliable source when it comes to specifying businessrules. For example, a maintenance department mechanic might believe that any mechanic can initiate amaintenance procedure, when actually only mechanics with inspection authorization can perform such atask. Such a distinction might seem trivial, but it can have major legal consequences. Although end usersare crucial contributors to the development of business rules, it pays to verify end-user perceptions. Toooften, interviews with several people who perform the same job yield very different perceptions of whatthe job components are. While such a discovery may point to "management problems," that generaldiagnosis does not help the database designer. The database designer's job is to reconcile suchdifferences and verify the results of the reconciliation to ensure that the business rules are appropriateand accurate.
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Question 74
Not yet graded
/ 1
pts
Describe the three parts involved in any SQL-based relational database application.
Your Answer:
The three important parts of the database are tables, columns and rows. Tables aredeveloped about the real time entities. realtionships are established between tablesso that they are binded strongly and data integrity is protected.
Columns are used to define attributes of the each entity that is defined in the table.the table consists of multiple columns. the first of of the table consists of uniquedetail based on which other attribute values depend.
Row is a record about the entitiy. it contains actual values and the values dfinecertain record.
Answer:
See the 'Rationale' field for sample responses.
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Rationale:
From an end-user perspective, any SQL-based relational database application involves three parts: a userinterface, a set of tables stored in the database, and the SQL "engine." Each of these parts is explainedbelow. The end-user interface. Basically, the interface allows the end user to interact with the data (byautomatically generating SQL code). Each interface is a product of the software vendor's idea ofmeaningful interaction with the data. You can also design your own customized interface with the helpof application generators that are now standard fare in the database software arena. A collection of tablesstored in the database. In a relational database, all data are perceived to be stored in tables. The tablessimply "present" the data to the end user in a way that is easy to understand. Each table is independent.Rows in different tables are related by common values in common attributes. SQL engine. Largelyhidden from the end user, the SQL engine executes all queries, or data requests. Keep in mind that theSQL engine is part of the DBMS software. The end user uses SQL to create table structures and toperform data access and table maintenance. The SQL engine processes all user requests-largely behindthe scenes and without the end user's knowledge. Hence, SQL is said to be a declarative language thattells what must be done but not how.
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Question 75
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/ 1
pts
Describe the three basic characteristics of Big Data databases.
Your Answer:
The three important characteristics of the Big Data are Volume, Variety andVelocity.
Volume: The term Big Data itself explains that it contains large volumes of data.When larger volume of data is utilized it is possible that better results andapproprite results are achieved by the analysis
Variety: Different sources are considered to collect data. Regular database is utilizedusaully by the analysis. When external sources are used by the big data it providesbetter results as they consider multiple sources.
Velocity: Big Data offers high velocity of data analysis, it is crucial to have speed tosupport large volume data analysis.
Answer:
See the 'Rationale' field for sample responses.
Rationale:
Douglas Laney, a data analyst from the Gartner Group, first described the basic characteristics of BigData databases4: volume, velocity, and variety, or the 3 Vs. Volume refers to the amounts of data beingstored. With the adoption and growth of the Internet and social media, companies have multiplied theways to reach customers. Over the years, and with the benefit of technological advances, data formillions of e-transactions were being stored daily on company databases. Furthermore, organizations areusing multiple technologies to interact with end usersand those technologies are generating mountains of
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data. This ever-growing volume of data quickly reached petabytes in size, and it's still growing. Velocityrefers not only to the speed with which data grows but also to the need to process this data quickly inorder to generate information and insight. With the advent of the Internet and social media, businessresponse times have shrunk considerably. Organizations need not only to store large volumes of quicklyaccumulating data but also need to process such data quickly. The velocity of data growth is also due tothe increase in the number of different data streams from which data is being piped to the organization(via the web, e-commerce, Tweets, Facebook posts, emails, sensors, GPS, and so on). Variety refers tothe fact that the data being collected comes in multiple different data formats. A great portion of thesedata comes in formats not suitable to be handled by the typical operational databases based on therelational model.The 3 Vs framework illustrates what companies now know, that the amount of databeing collected in their databases has been growing exponentially in size and complexity.
Quiz Score:
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Submission Details:
Time:
153 minutes
Current Score:
66.13 out of 75 *
Kept Score:
66.13 out of 75
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