BA6933 Quizzes

 

Quiz 1

1.       Five hundred residents of a city are polled to obtain information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election. The five hundred residents in this study is an example of a(n)

a. population.

b. observation.

c. sample.

d. census.

2.      The data measured on ordinal scale exhibits all the properties of data measured on

a. ratio scale.

b. nominal scale.

c. nominal and interval scales.

d. interval scale.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

3.      The height of a building, measured in feet, is an example of

a. categorical data.

b. quantitative data.

c. either categorical or quantitative data.

d. feet data.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

4.      The process of capturing, storing, and maintaining data is known as

a. data mining.

b. data manipulation.

c. data warehousing.

d. big data.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

5 Dr. Kurt Thearling, a leading practitioner in the field, defines data mining as "the _________ extraction of _________ information from databases".

a. thorough, insightful

b. automated, predictive

c. intentional, useful

d. timely, accurate

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Solution

Correct Response

b

6        The major applications of data mining have been made by companies with a strong _______ focus.

a. manufacturing

b. consumer

c. research and development

d. wholesale

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Solution

Correct Response

b

7. Statistical studies in which researchers control variables of interest are

a. observational studies.

b. control observational studies.

c. experimental studies.

d. non-experimental studies.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

8. Facts and figures that are collected, analyzed and summarized for presentation and interpretation are

a. variables.

b. time series data.

c. data.

d. elements.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

9. In a sample of 800 students in a university, 240 or 30% are Business majors. The 30% is an example of

a. a population.

b. statistical inference.

c. descriptive statistics.

d. a sample.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

10. The most common type of observational study is

a. a statistical inference.

b. a debate.

c. a survey.

d. an experiment.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

11. The set of measurements collected for a particular element are called

a. variables.

b. observations.

c. populations.

d. samples.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

12. ensus refers to

a. a survey to collect data on a sample.

b. an experimental study to collect data on the entire population.

c. an experimental study to collect data on a sample.

d. a survey to collect data on the entire population.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

13. The entities on which data are collected are

a. populations.

b. samples.

c. observations.

d. elements.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

14. In a post office, the mailboxes are numbered from 1 to 4,500. These numbers represent

a. either categorical or quantitative data.

b. since the numbers are sequential, the data is quantitative.

c. categorical data.

d. quantitative data.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

15. Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for

a. large data sets.

b. both categorical and quantitative data.

c. categorical data.

d. quantitative data.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

16. In a sample of 1,600 registered voters, 912 or 57% approve of the way the President is doing his job. The 57% approval is an example of

a. a sample.

b. statistical inference.

c. descriptive statistics.

d. a population.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

17. Data collected at the same, or approximately the same point in time are

a. approximate data.

b. cross-sectional data.

c. time series data.

d. approximate time series data.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

18. The number observations in a complete data set having 10 elements and 5 variables is

a. 5.

b. 50.

c. 10.

d. 25.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

19. The collection of all elements of interest in a particular study is

a. the population.

b. descriptive statistics.

c. statistical inference.

d. the sample.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

20. A portion of the population selected to represent the population is called

a. statistical inference.

b. a census.

c. a sample.

d. descriptive statistics.

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c

 Ordinary arithmetic operations are meaningful

a. only with quantitative data.

b. only with categorical data.

c. with neither quantitative or categorical data.

d. either with quantitative or categorical data.

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a

 

 Local residents were surveyed for their satisfaction with the local government. The responses were recorded as follows: 0-not satisfied, 1-somewhat dissatisfied, 2-satisfied, 3-very satisfied. The variable recorded is an example of what type of variable?

a. Variable measured on the ratio scale

b. Variable measured on the interval scale

c. Quantitative variable

d. Variable measured on the ordinal scale

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Correct Response

A

Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for

a. both categorical and quantitative data.

b. large data sets.

c. quantitative data.

d. categorical data.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

Temperature is an example of a variable that uses

a. the ordinal scale.

b. the interval scale.

c. either the ratio or the ordinal scale.

d. the ratio scale.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

Dr. Kurt Thearling, a leading practitioner in the field, defines data mining as "the _________ extraction of _________ information from databases".

a. timely, accurate

b. automated, predictive

c. intentional, useful

d. thorough, insightful

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Solution

Correct Response

b

In a sample of 1,600 registered voters, 912 or 57% approve of the way the President is doing his job. A political pollster estimates: "Fifty-seven percent of all voters approve of the President." This statement is an example of

a. a sample.

b. statistical inference.

c. descriptive statistics.

d. a population.

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Solution

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b

Income is an example of

a. nominal data.

b. categorical data.

c. quantitative data.

d. either categorical or quantitative data.

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Solution

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c

On a street, the houses are numbered from 300 to 450. The house numbers are examples of

a. quantitative data.

b. categorical data.

c. both quantitative and categorical data.

d. neither quantitative nor categorical data.

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Solution

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b

The summaries of data, which may be tabular, graphical, or numerical, are referred to as

a. statistical inference.

b. data analytics.

c. descriptive statistics.

d. inferential statistics.

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Solution

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c

For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes that the student is an undergraduate and 2 indicates that the student is a graduate student. In this case data are

a. categorical.

b. either categorical or quantitative.

c. neither categorical nor quantitative.

d. quantitative.

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a

Ordinary arithmetic operations are meaningful

a. only with quantitative data.

b. only with categorical data.

c. with neither quantitative or categorical data.

d. either with quantitative or categorical data.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 The measurement scale suitable for quantitative data is

a. either interval or ratio scale.

b. nominal scale.

c. only interval scale.

d. ordinal scale.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

Statistical studies in which researchers do not control variables of interest are

a. not of any value.

b. uncontrolled experimental studies.

c. observational studies.

d. experimental studies.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

 

Data dash-board is an analytical technique that falls in the category of

a. descriptive analytics.

b. prescriptive analytics.

c. diagnostic analytics.

d. predictive analytics.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

 

Data collected over several time periods are

a. cross-sectional data.

b. categorical data.

c. time controlled data.

d. time series data.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

 

Since a sample is a subset of the population, the sample mean

a. varies around the mean of the population.

b. is always smaller than the mean of the population.

c. must be equal to the mean of the population.

d. is always larger than the mean of the population.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

 

Social security numbers consist of numeric values. Therefore, social security number is an example of

a. a categorical variable.

b. an exchange variable.

c. a quantitative variable.

d. either a quantitative or a categorical variable.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

 

Which of the following defines the term "statistics"?

a. Statistics are rarely useful and informative.

b. Statistics are used only in sports to calculate "stats" for teams and players such as average rushing yards.

c. Statistics refers only to the calculation of numbers, such as a mean.

d. Statistics is the art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

The set of analytical techniques that yield a best course of action is

a. prescriptive analytics.

b. descriptive analytics.

c. diagnostic analytics.

d. predictive analytics.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

Simulation, which is the use of probability and statistical computer models to better understand risk, falls under the category of

a. descriptive analytics.

b. prescriptive analytics.

c. predictive analytics.

d. diagnostic analytics.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

Which of the following is a scale of measurement?

a. Remedial

b. Primal

c. Divisional

d. Ratio

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Solution

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d

 

The number of observations will always be the same as the

a. population size.

b. number of variables.

c. sample size.

d. number of elements.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

 Statistical inference

a. refers to the process of drawing inferences about the sample based on the characteristics of the population.

b. is the same as descriptive statistics.

c. is the process of drawing inferences about the population based on the information taken from the sample.

d. is the same as a census.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

 Which of the following variables is quantitative?

a. Phone number

b. Zip code

c. Weight of a package

d. All of these variables are quantitative.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

4. Which of the following defines the term "statistics"?

a. Statistics refers only to the calculation of numbers, such as a mean.

b. Statistics is the art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

c. Statistics are rarely useful and informative.

d. Statistics are used only in sports to calculate "stats" for teams and players such as average rushing yards.

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Solution

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b

 

6.The number of observations will always be the same as the

a. number of elements.

b. number of variables.

c. sample size.

d. population size.

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Solution

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a

 

7. The owner of a factory regularly requests a graphical summary of all employees' salaries. The graphical summary of salaries is an example of

a. statistical inference.

b. an experiment.

c. descriptive statistics.

d. a sample.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

In experimental studies, the variable of interest

a. must be numerical.

b. is not controlled.

c. cannot be numerical.

d. is controlled.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 Different methods of developing useful information from large data bases are dealt with under

a. big data.

b. data warehousing.

c. data mining.

d. data manipulation.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to mark their gender as male or female. The scale of measurement for gender is

a. ratio scale.

b. nominal scale.

c. ordinal scale.

d. interval scale.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

3. In experimental studies, the variable of interest

a. cannot be numerical.

b. must be numerical.

c. is controlled.

d. is not controlled.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

4. The set of analytical techniques that yield a best course of action is

a. diagnostic analytics.

b. predictive analytics.

c. descriptive analytics.

d. prescriptive analytics.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

5. A sample of 100 individuals in a town was asked how much they paid in property tax per year. On the basis of this information, the reporter states that the average property tax bill of all residents of the town is $1,500. This is an example of _____.

a. descriptive statistics

b. a census

c. an experiment

d. statistical inference

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

7. Optimization models, which generate solutions that maximize or minimize some objective subject to a set of constraints, fall into the category of

a. diagnostic analytics.

b. prescriptive analytics.

c. descriptive analytics.

d. predictive analytics.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

9. Which of the following is a categorical variable?

a. Your age on your last birthday

b. Your cell phone area code

c. Your accounting class start time

d. Your high school graduation year

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

 

Quiz 2

1. The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal

a. any value larger than one.

b. the sample size.

c. the number of classes.

d. one.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

2. Data that provide labels or names for categories of like items are known as

a. category data.

b. label data.

c. quantitative data.

d. categorical data.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

3. The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal

a. one.

b. the number of classes.

c. 100.

d. the number of items in the study.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

4. A graphical tool typically associated with the display of key performance indicators is a

a. data dashboard.

b. stem-and-leaf display.

c. side-by-side bar chart.

d. stacked bar chart.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

5. A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows

a. the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class.

b. the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class.

c. the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class.

d. the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

6. Before drawing any conclusions about the relationship between two variables shown in a crosstabulation, you should

a. construct a scatter diagram and find the trendline.

b. investigate whether any hidden variables could affect the conclusions.

c. construct a dot plot and look for significant gaps.

d. develop a relative frequency distribution.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

7. The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the

a. class limits.

b. number of classes.

c. class midpoint.

d. class width.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

8. A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

Undergraduate Major
Graduate School	Business	Engineering	Others	Total
Yes	70	84	126	280
No	182	208	130	520
Total	252	292	256	800

Of those students who are planning on going to graduate school, what percentage are majoring in engineering?

a. 28.8

b. 30.0

c. 10.5

d. 40.4

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Solution

Correct Response

b

9. In a cumulative relative frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative relative frequency equal to

a. the total number of elements in the data set.

b. the total of classes in the data set.

c. zero.

d. one.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

10. The total number of data items with a value less than the upper limit for the class is given by the

a. cumulative frequency distribution.

b. frequency distribution.

c. cumulative relative frequency distribution.

d. relative frequency distribution.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

11. A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

Undergraduate Major
Graduate School	Business	Engineering	Others	Total
Yes	70	84	126	280
No	182	208	130	520
Total	252	292	256	800

Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?

a. 70.00

b. 27.78

c. 72.22

d. 8.75

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Solution

Correct Response

b

12. A histogram is

a. a graphical presentation of a frequency or relative frequency distribution.

b. a graphical method of presenting a cumulative frequency or a cumulative relative frequency distribution.

c. the history of data elements.

d. the same as a pie chart.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

13.          The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal

a. the number of elements in a data set.

b. 1.

c. the number of classes.

d. a value between 0 and 1.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

14. In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to

a. the total number of elements in the data set.

b. 100.

c. one.

d. None of these alternatives are correct.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

15

The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.

Number of hours	Frequency
0 -9	20
10 - 19	80
20 - 29	200
30 - 39	100

The relative frequency of students working 10 - 19 hours per week is

a. .20

b. .80

c. .25

d. .40

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Solution

Correct Response

a

16. A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

Undergraduate Major
Graduate School	Business	Engineering	Others	Total
Yes	70	84	126	280
No	182	208	130	520
Total	252	292	256	800

The above crosstabulation shows

a. column percentages.

b. frequencies.

c. row percentages.

d. overall percentages.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

17. A frequency distribution is

a. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the relative frequency.

b. a graphical device for presenting categorical data.

c. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the frequency of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes.

d. a graphical form of representing data.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

18. In a cumulative frequency distribution, the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to

a. 10.

b. 100%.

c. one.

d. the total number of elements in the data set.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

19. Which of the following is not a recommended guideline for creating an effective graphical display?

a. Label each axis and show the units of measure

b. If colors are used to distinguish categories, use a legend to define them

c. Use three dimensions whenever possible, to give the display depth

d. Give the display a clear and concise title

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Solution

Correct Response

c

20. A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South = 1; North = 2; East = 3; West = 4. The designated geographical regions represent

a. quantitative data.

b. categorical data.

c. crosstabular data.

d. either categorical or quantitative data.

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Solution

Correct Response

B

 If a negative relationship exists between two variables, x and y, which of the following statements is true?

a. As x decreases, y decreases.

b. As x increases, y increases.

c. As x decreases, y stays the same.

d. As x increases, y decreases.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to

a. the total number of elements in the data set.

b. one.

c. 100.

d. None of these alternatives are correct.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

The percent frequency of a class is computed by

a. dividing the relative frequency by 100.

b. adding 100 to the relative frequency.

c. multiplying the relative frequency by 100.

d. multiplying the relative frequency by 10.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

Which of the following is a graphical summary of a set of data in which each data value is represented by a dot above the axis?

a. Crosstabulation

b. Histogram

c. Box plot

d. Dot plot

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Solution

Correct Response

d

Data that provide labels or names for categories of like items are known as

a. label data.

b. category data.

c. categorical data.

d. quantitative data.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

In quality control applications, bar charts are used to identify the most important causes of problems. When the bars are arranged in descending order of height from left to right with the most frequently occurring cause appearing first, the bar chart is called a

a. Simpson,s chart.

b. Pareto diagram.

c. Stacked bar chart.

d. Cause-and-effect diagram.

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Solution

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b

A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the

a. percentage of items in several classes.

b. relative percentage of items in several classes.

c. number of items in several classes.

d. fraction of items in several classes.

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Solution

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c

Consider the following graphical summary.

This is an example of a _____.

a. percent frequency distribution

b. relative frequency distribution

c. bar chart

d. pie chart

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Solution

Correct Response

d

A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

Undergraduate Major
Graduate School	Business	Engineering	Others	Total
Yes	70	84	126	280
No	182	208	130	520
Total	252	292	256	800

Of those students who are planning on going to graduate school, what percentage are majoring in engineering?

a. 10.5

b. 30.0

c. 40.4

d. 28.8

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Solution

Correct Response

b

For stem-and-leaf displays where the leaf unit is not stated, the leaf unit is assumed to equal

a. 1.

b. 10.

c. 0.

d. -1.

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Solution

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a

A sample of 15 children shows their favorite restaurants:

McDonalds	Luppi's	Mellow Mushroom
Friday's	McDonalds	McDonalds
Pizza Hut	Taco Bell	McDonalds
Mellow Mushroom	Luppi's	Pizza Hut
McDonalds	Friday's	McDonalds

Which of the following is the correct frequency distribution?

a. McDonalds 4, Friday's 3, Pizza Hut 1, Mellow Mushroom 4, Luppi's 3, Taco Bell 1

b. McDonalds 6, Friday's 2, Pizza Hut 2, Mellow Mushroom 2, Luppi's 2, Taco Bell 1

c. McDonalds 6, Friday's 1, Pizza Hut 3, Mellow Mushroom 1, Luppi's 2, Taco Bell 2

d. None of these alternatives are correct.

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Solution

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b

In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to

a. the total number of elements in the data set.

b. 100.

c. one.

d. None of these alternatives are correct.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

• Check My Work

A graphical method that can be used to show both the rank order and shape of a distribution of data simultaneously is a

a. stem-and-leaf display.

b. dot plot.

c. relative frequency distribution.

d. pie chart.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.

Number of hours	Frequency
0 -9	20
10 - 19	80
20 - 29	200
30 - 39	100

The relative frequency of students working 10 - 19 hours per week is

a. .25

b. .80

c. .40

d. .20

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Solution

Correct Response

d

The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the

a. class width.

b. number of classes.

c. class limits.

d. class midpoint.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

Which of the following is a graphical summary of a set of data in which each data value is represented by a dot above the axis?

a. Crosstabulation

b. Dot plot

c. Histogram

d. Box plot

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Solution

Correct Response

b

The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal

a. 1.

b. the number of classes.

c. the number of elements in a data set.

d. a value between 0 and 1.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

Information on the number of new teachers hired in a school district for each of four years is given in the table below.

The percent frequency of new hires in 2019 is _____.

a. 80%

b. 40%

c. 10%

d. 25%

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Solution

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b

What types of variables can be displayed by a scatter diagram?

a. Two quantitative variables

b. Two qualitative variables

c. One quantitative and one qualitative variable

d. Only two discrete quantitative variables

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Solution

Correct Response

a

The relative frequency of a class is computed by

a. dividing the frequency of the class by the number of classes.

b. dividing n by cumulative frequency of the class.

c. dividing the cumulative frequency of the class by n.

d. dividing the frequency of the class by n.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

Which of the following graphical methods shows the relationship between two variables?

a. Dot plot

b. Crosstabulation

c. Histogram

d. Pie chart

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Solution

Correct Response

b

A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South = 1; North = 2; East = 3; West = 4. The designated geographical regions represent

a. crosstabular data.

b. categorical data.

c. quantitative data.

d. either categorical or quantitative data.

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Correct

Solution

Correct Response

b

The number of miles from their residence to their place of work for 120 employees is shown below.

The relative frequency of employees who drive 10 miles or less to work is _____.

a. 0.85

b. 0.85

c. 0.25

d. 0.71

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Solution

Correct Response

d

The most common graphical presentation of quantitative data is a

a. pie chart.

b. stem and leaf display.

c. bar chart.

d. histogram.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the

a. class limits.

b. class midpoint.

c. number of classes.

d. class width.

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Correct

Solution

Correct Response

A graphical method that can be used to show both the rank order and shape of a distribution of data simultaneously is a

a. dot plot.

b. stem-and-leaf display.

c. relative frequency distribution.

d. pie chart.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

A survey of 400 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

What percentage of the undergraduates surveyed are majoring in Engineering?

a. 400%

b. 42%

c. 151%

d. 38%

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Solution

Correct Response

d

Information on the number of new teachers hired in a school district for each of four years is given in the table below.

The percent frequency of new hires in 2019 is _____.

a. 10%

b. 80%

c. 40%

d. 25%

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Solution

Correct R

Quiz 3.

1 . hen n-1 is used in the denominator to compute variance,

a. the data set is a population.

b. the data set could be either a sample or a population.

c. the data set is from a census.

d. the data set is a sample.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

2. Which of the following symbols represents the variance of the population?

a. σ

b. x̄

c. σ2

d. μ

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Solution

Correct Response

c

3. If a data set has an even number of observations, the median

a. cannot be determined.

b. is the average value of the two middle items.

c. is the average value of the two middle items when all items are arranged in ascending order.

d. must be equal to the mean.

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Solution

Correct Response

C

 

 

4. The median of a sample will always equal the

a. (smallest value + largest value)/2.

b. (Q1 + Q3)/2.

c. 50th percentile.

d. Q4/2.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

5. Which of the following is a measure of variability?

a. Percentiles

b. Quartiles

c. Interquartile range

d. Geometric mean

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Solution

Correct Response

c

6. The coefficient of variation indicates how large the standard deviation is relative to the

a. median.

b. mean.

c. range.

d. variance.

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Solution

Correct Response

B

 

 

 

 

7. The measure of dispersion which is not measured in the same units as the original data is the

a. coefficient of determination.

b. median.

c. variance.

d. standard deviation.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

8. The symbol σ is used to represent

a. the standard deviation of the population.

b. the standard deviation of the sample.

c. the variance of the sample.

d. the variance of the population.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

9. Which of the following symbols represents the size of the population?

a. σ2

b. σ

c. μ

d. N

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

10. If two groups of numbers have the same mean, then

a. other measures of location need not be the same.

b. their medians must also be equal.

c. their modes must also be equal.

d. their standard deviations must also be equal.

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Solution

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a

 

11. The most frequently occurring value of a data set is called the

a. mean.

b. median.

c. mode.

d. range.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

12. The hourly wages of a sample of 130 system analysts are given below.

mean = 60	range = 20
mode = 73	variance = 324
median = 74

The coefficient of variation equals

a. 0.30%.

b. 54%.

c. 30%.

d. 5.4%.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

13. Which of the following symbols represents the mean of the sample?

a. σ

b. μ

c. x̄

d. σ2

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Solution

Correct Response

c

14. A researcher has collected the following sample data.

5	12	6	8	5
6	7	5	12	4

The 75th percentile is

a. 8.

b. 7.5.

c. 9.

d. 7.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

 

15. The coefficient of variation is

a. the square of the standard deviation.

b. the mean divided by the standard deviation.

c. the standard deviation divided by the mean times 100.

d. the same as the variance.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

16. The geometric mean of 1, 1, 8 is

a. 10.0.

b. 3.33.

c. 2.0.

d. 3.0.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

17. The median is a measure of

a. central location.

b. relative location.

c. relative dispersion.

d. absolute dispersion.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

 

18. A numerical measure of linear association between two variables is the

a. coefficient of variation.

b. standard deviation.

c. covariance.

d. variance.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

19. Which of the following is not a measure of variability of a single variable?

a. Interquartile range

b. Range

c. Covariance

d. Standard deviation

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

20. The difference between the largest and the smallest data values is the

a. interquartile range.

b. range.

c. coefficient of variation.

d. variance.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 The variance of the sample

a. cannot be zero.

b. can never be negative.

c. can be negative.

d. cannot be less than one.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

Statements about the proportion of data values that must be within a specified number of standard deviations of the mean can be made using

a. Chebyshev's theorem.

b. A five-number summary.

c. Percentiles.

d. The empirical rule.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

Which of the following symbols represents the variance of the population?

a. μ

b. σ2

c. x̄

d. σ

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Solution

Correct Response

b

The geometric mean of 2, 4, 8 is

a. 4.67.

b. 16.

c. 5.0.

d. 4.0.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

Suppose a sample of 45 measurements gave a data set with a range of –8 to –22. The standard deviation of the measurements

a. is negative since all the numbers are negative.

b. cannot be computed since all the numbers are negative.

c. can be either negative or positive.

d. must be at least zero.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

Using the following data set of monthly rainfall amounts recorded for 10 randomly selected months in a two-year period, what is the five-number summary?

                     Sample data (in inches): 2, 8, 5, 0, 1, 5, 7, 5, 2, .5

a. 2, 5, 5, 5, .5

b. .5, 2, 5, 7, 8

c. 0, 1, 5, 5, 8

d. 0, 1, 3.5, 5, 8

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Solution

Correct Response

d

The difference between the largest and the smallest data values is the

a. range.

b. interquartile range.

c. variance.

d. coefficient of variation.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

In computing the mean of a sample, the value of ∑xi is divided by

a. n + 1.

b. n - 2.

c. n.

d. n - 1.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

The 75th percentile is referred to as the

a. third quartile.

b. second quartile.

c. first quartile.

d. fourth quartile.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

The measure of variability easiest to compute, but seldom used as the only measure, is the

a. range.

b. standard deviation.

c. variance.

d. interquartile range.

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Solution

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a

The numerical value of the variance

a. is always smaller than the numerical value of the standard deviation.

b. is negative if the mean is negative.

c. is always larger than the numerical value of the standard deviation.

d. can be larger or smaller than the numerical value of the standard deviation.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

The __________ can be interpreted as the number of standard deviations a data value is from the mean of all the data values.

a. correlation coefficient

b. skewness

c. z-score

d. coefficient of variation

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Solution

Correct Response

c

The most frequently occurring value of a data set is called the

a. median.

b. range.

c. mode.

d. mean.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

If a data set has an even number of observations, the median

a. cannot be determined.

b. is the average value of the two middle items when all items are arranged in ascending order.

c. must be equal to the mean.

d. is the average value of the two middle items.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

The heights (in inches) of 25 individuals were recorded and the following statistics were calculated

mean = 70	range = 20
mode = 73	variance = 784
median = 74

The coefficient of variation equals

a. 1120%.

b. 0.4%.

c. 11.2%.

d. 40%.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

From a population of size 1,000, a random sample of 100 items is selected. The mean of the sample

a. must be 10 times larger than the mean of the population.

b. must be 10 times smaller than the mean of the population.

c. can be larger, smaller or equal to the mean of the population.

d. must be equal to the mean of the population, if the sample is truly random.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

Which of the following provides a measure of central location for the data?

a. Range

b. Variance

c. Standard deviation

d. Mean

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Solution

Correct Response

d

The percentage of data values that must be within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean for data having a bell-shaped distribution can be determined using

a. Chebyshev's theorem.

b. Percentiles.

c. A five-number summary.

d. The empirical rule.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

During a cold winter, the temperature stayed below zero for ten days (ranging from -20 to -5). The variance of the temperatures of the ten-day period

a. can be either negative or positive.

b. cannot be computed since all the numbers are negative.

c. must be at least zero.

d. is negative since all the numbers are negative.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

The weights (in pounds) of a sample of 36 individuals were recorded and the following statistics were calculated.

mean = 160	range = 60
mode = 165	variance = 324
median = 170

The coefficient of variation equals

a. 0.20312%.

b. 0.1125%.

c. 11.25%.

d. 203.12%.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

The measure of dispersion which is not measured in the same units as the original data is the

a. median.

b. coefficient of determination.

c. variance.

d. standard deviation.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

Which of the following is not a measure of variability of a single variable?

a. Standard deviation

b. Covariance

c. Range

d. Interquartile range

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Solution

Correct Response

b

The sample variance

a. could be smaller, equal to, or larger than the true value of the population variance.

b. is always smaller than the true value of the population variance.

c. can never be zero.

d. is always larger than the true value of the population variance.

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Solution

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a

The geometric mean of five observations is the

a. fifth root of the product of the 5 observations.

b. same as their mean.

c. square root of the product of the 5 observations.

d. same as their weighted mean.

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Solution

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a

The geometric mean of 1, 1, 8 is

a. 2.0.

b. 3.0.

c. 3.33.

d. 10.0.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

When the data are skewed to the right, the measure of Skewness will be

a. positive.

b. one.

c. negative.

d. zero.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

Generally, which one of the following is the least appropriate measure of central tendency for a data set that contains outliers?

a. Median

b. Mean

c. 50th percentile

d. 2nd quartile

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Solution

Correct Response

b

1. Consider the following data summary.

This is an example of a _____.

a. histogram

b. frequency table

c. line graph

d. box plot

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

2. A survey to collect data on the entire population is

a. a population.

b. a sample.

c. an inference.

d. a census.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

3. The subject of data mining deals with

a. keeping data secure so that unauthorized individuals cannot access the data.

b. computational procedure for data analysis.

c. computing the average for data.

d. methods for developing useful decision-making information from large data bases.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

4. Which of the following is not an example of descriptive statistics?

a. The proportion of mailed-out questionnaires that were returned

b. A histogram depicting the age distribution for 30 randomly selected students

c. A table summarizing the data collected in a sample of new-car buyers

d. An estimate of the number of Alaska residents who have visited Canada

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

5. Which of the following disciplines has contributed the least to the development of data mining procedures?

a. Mathematics

b. Statistics

c. Psychology

d. Computer science

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

6. Which of the following is a scale of measurement?

a. Remedial

b. Ratio

c. Primal

d. Divisional

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

8. In a sample of 1,600 registered voters, 912 or 57% approve of the way the President is doing his job. A political pollster estimates: "Fifty-seven percent of all voters approve of the President." This statement is an example of

a. descriptive statistics.

b. a sample.

c. a population.

d. statistical inference.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

9. Optimization models, which generate solutions that maximize or minimize some objective subject to a set of constraints, fall into the category of

a. diagnostic analytics.

b. predictive analytics.

c. prescriptive analytics.

d. descriptive analytics.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

10. The process of analyzing sample data in order to draw conclusions about the characteristics of a population is called

a. descriptive statistics.

b. data analysis.

c. data summarization.

d. statistical inference.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

1. The number of sick days taken (per month) by 150 factory workers is summarized below.

The cumulative frequency for the class 11–15 is _____.

a. 15

b. .10

c. .97

d. 145

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

2. Histograms based on data on housing prices and salaries typically are

a. skewed to the left.

b. skewed to the right.

c. stacked.

d. symmetric.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

3. A sample of 15 children shows their favorite restaurants:

McDonalds	Luppi's	Mellow Mushroom
Friday's	McDonalds	McDonalds
Pizza Hut	Taco Bell	McDonalds
Mellow Mushroom	Luppi's	Pizza Hut
McDonalds	Friday's	McDonalds

Which of the following is the correct relative frequency for McDonalds?

a. .27

b. .6

c. .4

d. .5

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

4. A sample of 15 children shows their favorite restaurants:

McDonalds	Luppi's	Mellow Mushroom
Friday's	McDonalds	McDonalds
Pizza Hut	Taco Bell	McDonalds
Mellow Mushroom	Luppi's	Pizza Hut
McDonalds	Friday's	McDonalds

Which of the following distributions would be inappropriate for this data?

a. Relative frequency

b. Frequency

c. Percent frequency

d. Cumulative frequency

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

7. A survey of 400 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

What percentage of the undergraduates surveyed are majoring in Engineering?

a. 151%

b. 42%

c. 38%

d. 400%

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

10. In quality control applications, bar charts are used to identify the most important causes of problems. When the bars are arranged in descending order of height from left to right with the most frequently occurring cause appearing first, the bar chart is called a

a. Pareto diagram.

b. Simpson,s chart.

c. Cause-and-effect diagram.

d. Stacked bar chart.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

1. A graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables is

a. histogram.

b. stem-and-leaf display.

c. scatter diagram.

d. dot plot.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

7. The proper way to construct a stem-and-leaf display for the data set {62, 67, 68, 73, 73, 79, 91, 94, 95, 97} is to

a. include a stem labeled '(8)' and enter no leaves on the stem.

b. include a stem labeled '8' and enter one leaf value of '0' on the stem.

c. include a stem labeled '8' and enter no leaves on the stem.

d. exclude a stem labeled '8.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

9. Data that indicate how much or how many are known as

a. quantitative data.

b. categorical data.

c. cumulative data.

d. relative data.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

10. The approximate class width for a frequency distribution involving quantitative data can be determined using the expression

a. desired number of classes/class midpoint.

b. mean frequency/total frequency.

c. range/desired number of classes.

d. total frequency/class midpoint.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 1. The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.

Number of hours	Frequency
0 -9	20
10 - 19	80
20 - 29	200
30 - 39	100

The cumulative percent frequency for students working less than 20 hours per week is

a. 20%.

b. 80%.

c. 100%.

d. 25%.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

4. A frequency distribution is

a. a graphical form of representing data.

b. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the relative frequency.

c. a graphical device for presenting categorical data.

d. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the frequency of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 1. Suppose the number of personal days an employee uses per year has a mean of 8 and a standard deviation of 2. What percent of the data values will be within two standard deviations of the mean if the distribution is bell-shaped?

a. At least 95%

b. At least 75%

c. At least 30%

d. The percentage cannot be computed with the information given.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

2. Since the median is the middle value of a data set it

a. must always be smaller than the mode.

b. must always be larger than the mode.

c. must always be smaller than the mean.

d. None of these alternatives are correct.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

3. When data are positively skewed, the mean will usually be

a. greater than the median.

b. smaller than the median.

c. equal to the median.

d. positive.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

4. Which of the following symbols represents the standard deviation of the population?

a. σ2

b. x̄

c. σ

d. μ

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

5. The descriptive measure of variability that is based on the concept of a deviation about the mean is

a. the standard deviation.

b. the absolute value of the range.

c. the range.

d. the interquartile range.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

7. The following is the frequency distribution for the speed of a sample of automobiles traveling on an interstate highway.

Speed (mph)	Frequency
50 - 54	2
55 - 59	4
60 - 64	5
65 - 69	10
70 - 74	9
75 - 79	5
	35

The mean is

a. 35.

b. 67.

c. 670.

d. 10.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

8. When the data are skewed to the right, the measure of Skewness will be

a. one.

b. zero.

c. negative.

d. positive.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

9. A box plot is a graphical representation of data that is based on

a. the empirical rule.

b. a histogram.

c. a five number summary.

d. z-scores.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

10. The standard deviation of a sample was reported to be 20. The report indicated that Σ(x-x̄)² = 7200. What is the sample size?

a. 17

b. 16

c. 18

d. 19

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 2. Data that indicate how much or how many are known as

a. cumulative data.

b. relative data.

c. quantitative data.

d. categorical data.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

4. In a stem-and-leaf display,

a. a single digit is used to define each stem, and one or more digits are used to define each leaf.

b. one or more digits are used to define each stem, and a single digit is used to define each leaf.

c. a single digit is used to define each stem, and a single digit is used to define each leaf.

d. one or more digits are used to define each stem, and one or more digits are used to define each leaf.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

5. The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.

Number of hours	Frequency
0 - 9	20
10 - 19	80
20 - 29	200
30 - 39	100

The percentage of students who work at least 10 hours per week is

a. 5%.

b. 50%.

c. 100%.

d. 95%.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

6. A survey of 400 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

What percentage of the undergraduates surveyed are majoring in Engineering?

a. 38%

b. 42%

c. 400%

d. 151%

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

7. A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

Undergraduate Major
Graduate School	Business	Engineering	Others	Total
Yes	70	84	126	280
No	182	208	130	520
Total	252	292	256	800

The above crosstabulation shows

a. frequencies.

b. column percentages.

c. overall percentages.

d. row percentages.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

8. The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.

Number of hours	Frequency
0 - 9	20
10 - 19	80
20 - 29	200
30 - 39	100

The midpoint of the last class is

a. 34.

b. 35.5

c. 35.

d. 34.5.

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Solution

Correct Response

d

 

9. A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

Undergraduate Major
Graduate School	Business	Engineering	Others	Total
Yes	70	84	126	280
No	182	208	130	520
Total	252	292	256	800

Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?

a. 27.78

b. 8.75

c. 70.00

d. 72.22

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

10. A graphical device for depicting categorical data that have been summarized in a frequency distribution, relative frequency distribution, or percent frequency distribution is a

a. histogram.

b. dot plot.

c. bar chart.

d. stem-and-leaf display.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

  

 

 

 

 

302

Quiz 1

·         1. Check My Work

Categorical data

a. must be nonnumeric.

b. are labels used to identify attributes of elements.

c. indicate either how much or how many.

d. cannot be numeric.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

·         2Check My Work

A characteristic of interest for the elements is called a(n) _____.

a. data set

b. sample

c. variable

d. observation

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

3 On a street, the houses are numbered from 300 to 450. The house numbers are examples of

a. categorical data.

b. quantitative data.

c. neither quantitative nor categorical data.

d. both quantitative and categorical data.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

4 The sample size

a. can be larger or smaller than the population size.

b. is always equal to the size of the population.

c. is always smaller than the population size.

d. can be larger than the population size.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

5
Income is an example of

a. quantitative data.

b. categorical data.

c. nominal data.

d. either categorical or quantitative data.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

6 Data mining is the process of uncovering hidden information that can be used to _____.

a. justify

b. control

c. predict

d. explain

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

·         7 Check My Work

Temperature is an example of a variable that uses

a. the ordinal scale.

b. the ratio scale.

c. the interval scale.

d. either the ratio or the ordinal scale.

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Solution

Correct Response

c

 

8 n a sample of 400 students in a university, 80 or 20% are Business majors. Based on the above information, the school's paper reported that "20% of all the students at the university are Business majors." This report is an example of

a. statistical inference.

b. descriptive statistics.

c. a population.

d. a sample.

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

9Which of the following is not an example of a firm that sells or leases business database services to clients?

a. Dow Jones & Co.

b. Census Bureau

c. Bloomberg

d. Dun & Bradstreet

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

·         10 Check My Work

Which of the following scales of measurement are appropriate for quantitative data?

a. Interval and ratio

b. Interval and ordinal

c. Nominal and ordinal

d. Ratio and ordinal

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Solution

Correct Response

a

Quiz 2

·         1 Check My Work

Which of the following is not a recommended guideline for creating an effective graphical display?

a. Use three dimensions whenever possible, to give the display depth

b. Give the display a clear and concise title

c. Label each axis and show the units of measure

d. If colors are used to distinguish categories, use a legend to define them

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Solution

Correct Response

a

 

2
Consider the scatter diagram below.

What type of relationship is shown for the number of students and their average score?

a. A quadratic relationship

b. A positive relationship

c. A negative relationship

d. No apparent relationship

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

·         3 Check My Work

The relative frequency of a class is computed by

a. dividing the sample size by the frequency of the class.

b. dividing the frequency of the class by the sample size.

c. dividing the midpoint of the class by the sample size.

d. dividing the frequency of the class by the midpoint.

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Solution

Correct Response

b

 

·         4 Check My Work

A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.

Undergraduate Major
Graduate School	Business	Engineering	Others	Total
Yes	70	84	126	280
No	182	208	130	520
Total	252	292	256	800

Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?

a. 27.78

b. 8.75

c. 72.22

d. 70.00

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a

 

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A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in several classes is a

a. relative frequency distribution.

b. cumulative relative frequency distribution.

c. cumulative frequency distribution.

d. frequency distribution.

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Solution

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a

 

6 A sample of 15 children shows their favorite restaurants:

McDonalds	Luppi's	Mellow Mushroom
Friday's	McDonalds	McDonalds
Pizza Hut	Taco Bell	McDonalds
Mellow Mushroom	Luppi's	Pizza Hut
McDonalds	Friday's	McDonalds

Which of the following is the correct percent frequency for McDonalds?

a. 27%

b. 10%

c. 40%

d. 2%

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c

 

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The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.

Number of hours	Frequency
0 - 9	20
10 - 19	80
20 - 29	200
30 - 39	100

The class width used in this frequency distribution is

a. 9.

b. 10.

c. 39.

d. 4.5.

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b

 

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Which of the following statements is true with respect to bar charts?

a. The width of the bars depends on the number of observations in the category.

b. A circle is drawn to represent the entire data set.

c. A bar chart is used only with quantitative data sets.

d. A bar chart can be used for a data set with a relatively small number of possible categories.

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d

 

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A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the

a. percentage of items in several classes.

b. relative percentage of items in several classes.

c. number of items in several classes.

d. fraction of items in several classes.

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Solution

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c

 

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The relative frequency of a class is

a. equal to the frequency of the class.

b. always equal to 1%.

c. equal to the frequency of the class multiplied by 100%.

d. equal to the frequency of the class divided by the total number of observations, n.

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d

 

 

 

 

The entities on which data are collected are

a. populations.

b. observations.

c. samples.

d. elements.

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d

 

On a street, the houses are numbered from 300 to 450. The house numbers are examples of

a. both quantitative and categorical data.

b. neither quantitative nor categorical data.

c. categorical data.

d. quantitative data.

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c

The data measured on ordinal scale exhibits all the properties of data measured on

a. nominal scale.

b. interval scale.

c. ratio scale.

d. nominal and interval scales.

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a

The most common type of observational study is

a. an experiment.

b. a survey.

c. a statistical inference.

d. a debate.

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b

 

Quantitative data

a. are always non-numeric.

b. are always numeric.

c. are never numeric.

d. may be either numeric or non-numeric.

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b

 

In a post office, the mailboxes are numbered from 1 to 4,500. These numbers represent

a. since the numbers are sequential, the data is quantitative.

b. either categorical or quantitative data.

c. quantitative data.

d. categorical data.

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d

 

Data

a. are the raw material of statistics.

b. are always non-numeric.

c. are always numeric.

d. are always categorical.

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a

 

For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes that the student is an undergraduate and 2 indicates that the student is a graduate student. In this case data are

a. quantitative.

b. neither categorical nor quantitative.

c. categorical.

d. either categorical or quantitative.

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c

 

The average age in a sample of 190 students at City College is 22. As a result of this sample, it can be concluded that the average age of all the students at City College

a. could not be 22.

b. must be more than 22, since the population is always larger than the sample.

c. must be less than 22, since the sample is only a part of the population.

d. is around 22.

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d

An interviewer has made an error in recording the data. This type of error is known as

a. a data acquisition error.

b. a non-experimental error.

c. a conglomerate error.

d. an experimental error.

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Solution

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a

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